When the fields of modern botany, ecosystem biology, forestry, and fire science were being created, a theory developed about how natural systems arose, and where they went. If plants and animals went through phases where they developed, matured, spent time as a relatively-unchanging adult, and then died, perhaps plant and animal communities did the same thing. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the idea of the “climax state” developed. This was the ideal, the goal (so to speak) of the development of what we today would call an ecosystem. The Great Plains, for example, developed from bare ground and brush toward their ideal state of tall-grass prairies.
It was OK for the time, but had some flaws. Flaws which are still seen today, even after actual biological science has moved away from the model. Continue reading →